International Conference on Community Nursing and Public Health November 19-21, 2018 Cape Town, South Africa

Biography:

Helena José has completed her PhD in Nursing by the University of Lisbon in 2009. She is from the Multiperfil Polytechnic University, Luanda. She has published 59 articles in specialized magazines and 25 papers in events proceedings, has 3 book chapters and 5 books published. She has directed 25 master's theses in Social Sciences and Health Sciences. She works in Medical Sciences with emphasis on Communication Sciences.

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: Angola has a very young population, like the majority of developing countries, constituting a challenge for the country's progress. There are asymmetries in communities due to inequality of opportunities throughout the territory, which causes internal migratory movements to urban centers and overhead in available public services. The Angolan government has defined a set of priorities oriented towards the promotion of participatory and sustainable human development. Thus they recognized the need to strengthen support for education and research institutions, for the evaluation of the quality of professional performance monitoring and health teams’ evaluation. The purpose of this study is to report the implementation and results of community intervention projects used as a strategy for teaching and developing people and communities in the training of community health nursing specialists at the Centro de Formação de Saúde Multiperfil, Luanda, Angola.

Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: Report of the experience of the use of community intervention projects in nursing, in Angola. All projects were developed according to the methodological design of health planning of Imperatori and Giraldes and the theoretical model of health promotion of Nola Pender.

Findings: Community intervention projects have contributed to the health promotion, citizenship and the empowerment of individuals and communities. Furthermore students of community health nursing specialty consider the person as being responsible for his own life and health project, putting at their disposal a whole set of knowledge and mastery. In its exercise of health promotion, favored people and communities gain control over their own health, and therefore contributing to their development and empowerment.

Conclusion & Significance: The students' intervention was reflected in an active citizenship of the population through counselling and information, risk prevention, early identification of the disease and reduction of complications. Community nursing intervention is undoubtedly important to develop citizens more aware of the power of their active participation.

Biography:

Doreen Macherera Mukona is a Lecturer at the University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences. She is an experienced University Lecturer with a demonstrated history of working in the higher education industry. She has skilled in clinical research, curriculum development, program evaluation and strategic planning. She has completed her PhD in Midwifery and the title of her thesis was the development of an adherence promotion framework to improve adherence to anti-diabetic therapy and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women. She has published a number of papers from the study. She has also developed a framework for care of women with diabetes in pregnancy to ensure comprehensive care. This study was part of her PhD in Midwifery

Abstract:

Diabetes in pregnancy has received little attention in developing countries despite contributing to maternal mortality and morbidity. Many studies have focused on epidemiological aspects of diabetes in the general population and very few have looked at the impact of diabetes in pregnancy in affected women. The purpose of the study was to explore the impact of diabetes in pregnancy in pregnant women. Diabetes in pregnancy referred to pre-gestational type I, pre-gestational type II and gestational diabetes mellitus. The study utilized a descriptive qualitative design. Four Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), each with 7 participants, were held at a central hospital in Zimbabwe. Inclusion criteria were women with a diagnosis of diabetes in pregnancy, age from 18 to 49 years and ability to speak Shona or English. Approval was obtained from respective ethical review boards. FGDs which were audiotaped followed a semi-structured questionnaire while detailed notes were taken during the interviews. Thematic analysis was done manually. Findings revealed that diabetes in pregnancy has a multifaceted impact in women. Themes identified were the impact on health, socio-economic issues and the psychological burden of diabetes in pregnancy. There is need for comprehensive collaborative care of women with diabetes in pregnancy in view of the multi-faceted nature of both the 

Biography:

John Kyalo Muthuka has his interest in HIV/AIDS, Maternal, Child and Neonatal (MCNH), reproductive and adolescent health. He is a Health Educator and Promoter with over 9 years of experience in both local community and national settings. He is Researcher, Trainer, Lecturer and Community Organizer with a strong focus towards improving the population’s quality of life through innovative health approach and research. He is a health communication expert and social/community mobilizer. His work on maternal and child health has boosted current health programs and initiatives to determine what areas need improvement in a child’s health through training, develop new strategies and programs to boost child health, implement educational tools and programs that raise awareness about child health.

Abstract:

HIV in pregnancy has contributed to early neonatal deaths. Rate of HIV among pregnant women is 15-40% in countries with the highest overall HIV prevalence. Poor pregnancy outcomes are higher among HIV+ women. PMTCT focus on vertical HIV transmission, but no data on poor pregnancy outcomes with HIV among postnatal women. The study design was unmatched case control. The information was extracted from every file records of the woman and the newborn outcome within the first twenty eight days after birth randomly and considering age, sex, anthropometric measurements and other clinical factors of the newborn and mother. A total of 256 records were reviewed to retrieve the information retrospectively on cases and controls at 1:1 ratio. Mothers’ pregnancy history, clinical and social economic, comorbidities and health factors were considered for both cases and controls. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Chi-square test was used to establish the association between the dependent and independent variables and the level of statistical significance was set at p-value<0.05. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to adjust for confounding. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with corresponding 95% confidence interval was estimated. Out of 128 cases (neonatal mortalities) 12.5% were born from HIV-positive mothers compared to 3.9% among 128 controls HIV sero-positive was found to be significantly associated with neonatal mortality in bivariate analysis [OR=3.51; 95% CI:1.25-9.91; P=0.012] but not sustained after adjusting for other factors at the multivariate analysis [AOR=2.33; 95% CI:0.76-7.15; P=0.139]. Multiple logistic regression revealed; LBW [AOR=3.97; 95% CI:2.26-6.98; P<0.001], co-morbidities [AOR=3.84; 95% CI:1.32-11.16; P=0.013]. Mother’s hemoglobin level [AOR=3.18; 95% CI:1.19-8.46; P=0.021], unemployment [AOR=0.43; 95% CI: 0.22-0.85; P=0.016]. There’s increased risk of neonatal mortality with HIV infection among postnatal women.

Biography:

Marta Assunção has completed her Master in Social Gerontology from the University of Algarve in 2011. She is pursuing PhD in Nursing at the Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Católica Portuguesa in Porto. She is Professor at the Multiperfil Polytechnic University, Luanda

Abstract:

State of the problem: In developing countries, the percentage of elderly population increases at a very fast rate, causing them to have little time to react to the phenomenon of aging and to implement political, social and economic strategies in this area. By 2050, the world's population aged 60 or over, is expected to total 2 billion, with a trend towards the increase in the number of people over the age of 801, there being a need to provide answers to these people. The purpose of this study was to know the social and health responses to the elderly in sub-Saharan Africa.

Methodology & Theoretical: Integrative literature review in scientific databases such as CINAHL, EBSCO, MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane.

Findings: In sub-Saharan Africa, there is a lack of skilled, specialized health care for the elderly, which is attributed to the shortage of doctors and other health professionals. There is a low supply of facilities for the elderly, such as homes, day centers and rehabilitation centers and most of the existing ones are basic and use rudimentary equipment. There are, however, models of care for the elderly, namely in Ghana, Kenya, South Africa and Tanzania and in Mauritius, Seychelles and South Africa, long-term care is in place. The costs of this type of care in the context under analysis are diverse, from free to expensive, varying with the country. Concerning the perception of the elderly, this has been changing and recently, negative attitudes have appeared, namely stigmatization (especially of women).

Conclusion & Significance: The provision of social and health care for the elderly is rudimentary, in large sub-Saharan Africa, and it is necessary to intervene in this area to ensure adequate economic, political and social intervention.

Biography:

Clara Haruzivishe is a Professor of Nursing at the University of Zimbabwe. She has received her Doctorate from Case Western Reserve University. Her research area is Maternal and Child health and Nursing Education. She also serves as a supervisor and coordinator of PhD programme. She also coordinates a NORHED grant awarded to the College of Health Sciences at the University of Zimbabwe.

Abstract:

Periodontal disease is one of the common infectious diseases in pregnancy. The disease is caused by bacteria that produce inflammation of gingiva through production of inflammatory mediators that may have direct insult on amnion. Untreated and chronic dental infections have a possibility of causing harm to mother and baby. An analytical cross sectional study whose purpose was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for periodontal disease in pregnancy was done. A random sample of 350 pregnant women was selected at Harare city Primary Care clinics. Approval was granted by the Joint Research Ethics Committee of the University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences and Parirenyatwa Group of Hospitals, the Medical Research Council of Zimbabwe, Harare City Directorate and participants gave informed consent. Code numbers were used to identify participants. Data was collected through face to face interviews following a structured questionnaire, clinical intraoral examination and from clinical records. Data was captured using research electronic data capturing (RedCap) and was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Mean maternal age was 25.9 years SD 5.7 prevalence of periodontal disease was 48.7%. No significant factors were associated with periodontal disease in the current study. However other studies have reported significant risk factors for periodontal disease such as gestation age of the pregnancy and place of residence. Periodontal health is relatively neglected area in perinatal care. Health care professionals should be trained in screening for periodontal disease and giving health education in order to reduce adverse perinatal outcomes.

Biography:

Sr Lee Boorman has 30 year experience in the holistic management of not just the elderly but the entire spectrum of design, building, managing and maintaining 287 hospital beds caring for the elderly as well as focusing on the emotional, physical and psychological well-being of 1000 assisted living retirees spread over 6 retirement villages belonging to the Faircape group in Cape Town, South Africa. Her passion for advocacy for the elderly and those who cannot speak for themselves motivate her daily to improve and seek to offer better, faster more convenient care to all her residents.

Abstract:

Geriatric care management, also known as elderly care is the process of planning and coordinating the care of the elderly and others with mental and physical challenges not just to meet their long term needs but to ensure the improvement of quality of life. Why the care of the elderly is so important to us and the new generation and what benefit does it have for the rest of the population? Our elders not just have the wisdom to impart with us, but they give us purpose, inspire and motivate us to become better people, to grow in our communities and to become part of an ever growing circle of healthier, happier and more content people. In order for us who’s daily task and goal it is to care for the elderly it is of utmost importance to understand the main concerns and medical problems we experience in geriatric nursing, ever growing as the human race lives longer is Dementia and all the combined symptoms that goes with this. Always remembering that not two people are alike and individual assessments are of utmost importance. When you begin your research into in-home care for an elderly loved one, it’s important to remember that there isn’t a uniform approach for care and the type of care your loved one needs today may not be the type of care he needs next month, next year, or even tomorrow. Each person’s situation is unique, and it’s important for families caring for senior loved ones to be flexible and know that care needs will change over time, sometimes frequently and/or unexpectedly. This is why it is an exciting field, every day with new challenges and solutions that leave you satisfied at the end of each day.

Biography:

Colleen Davis is registered as a primary Health Care nurse with the South African Nursing Council.  Colleen has fourteen years’ experience in different independent school health clinic settings.  She has extensive experience in learning and development in a private hospital setting and has branched into executive coaching.  Colleen’s passion is the development of women in leadership, supporting leaders as they grapple with their identify function as a leader.  Colleen believes that nurses, given the right support, can change the world.  Colleen holds a black belt in karate (JKA), is a cancer survivor, wife and mother to two teenagers.  She is a dynamic speaker and motivator, encouraging hope in an uncertain world.

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: Community nursing plays a key role for the people within that community to be active in civil society.  Community nurses should be knowledgeable, caring and professional healthcare practitioners who have the ability to recognize, treat and prevent health problems that stop the community from thriving and being active within the economy of their country.  In this country many disruptions occur within the healthcare settings including access to resources, internal and external political factors and stressors related to working in a complex health environment. Community nurses are exposed to incivility and the distress of their patient’s conditions.  Research has found that working within this type of environment increases the risk of burnout.  Burnout affects the community nurses ability to care for others and causes exhaustion, cynicism and inefficiency. Burnout contributes to an inability to safely and effectively address the complex needs within that community. This leads to a breakdown in trust and communication within the community health system. If unable to work together effectively, the entire system is negatively affected and cannot provide the service it was created for. The effect of rudeness, loss of trust and uncertainty on the human brain is well researched in neuroscience. It leads to the inability of the community nurse to serve her community with passion and compassion. The purpose of this talk is to enable community nurses to recognize what burnout is, what effect it has on the individual and how we can avoid it.

Findings: Nurses in a South African context are faced with daily stressors and uncertainty hindering their ability to serve the communities they provide a service to.

Conclusion & Significance: Burnout within the community health setting has a knock-on effect, it can be prevented by building resilience, improving leadership and creating an environment based on trust.

Biography:

Melinda Asheson originally from the UK and moved to South Africa in 2015. She studied at the University of Southampton in the UK, where she obtained Degree in Adult Nursing. Then she worked in various specialties to include; Gynecology, Trauma and High Care. On moving to South Africa she started working for Nurses on Call, and has more recently set up Nurses Online Homecare as well. Two businesses of which she fell very passionate about to ensure delivery of healthcare is provided in the highest quality.

Abstract:

Introducing of an ‘App’ that our company Nurses on Call has developed called Nurses Online (NOL). This App has been developed and based on Uber. Currently uses smartphone technology to book nurses at hospitals similarly to the way Uber books taxi drivers. Then, further developed the technology to use facial recognition to clock nurses in and out of the hospital or the home. The technology has potential to save the Healthcare Industry hundreds of millions in administrative costs, and in the elimination of clocking fraud. A full demonstration will be given of how the app works and the benefits it has to offer.

Biography:

Auxillia Masunda is a Zimbabwean state-registered nurse and public health practitioner who has over 15 years of experience in the health sector. She has held various posts in Zimbabwe’s Ministry of Health and Child Care; initially as a nursing sister and then in various other capacities including a research nurse, voluntary counsellor and then public health officer. Her career interests are in community health, adolescent health and sexual reproductive health. Auxillia’s career highlights include participation in the development of Zimbabwe’s Protocol for Influenza Sentinel Surveillance and research work in various public health topics in which findings were presented locally and nationally. Auxillia holds a Master of Public Health Degree from Africa University, a Bachelor in Community and Health Psychology degree from the University of South Africa, Sexual Gender Based Violence Certificate, Certificate in Systemic Counselling in Context of HIV/AIDS and a Diploma in General Nursing. Currently, Auxillia is employed by the City of Harare’s Department of Health as a Sister in Charge at Wilkins Infectious Diseases Hospital.

Abstract:

Introduction & Aim: Virological failure is a public health problem in resource constrained settings. A review of clinical data between January and June 2017 in Bindura and Shamva Districts revealed that 120 (49.6%) of the 200 HIV positive adolescents had virological failure. This may threaten the attainment of the target of 90% viral load suppression by the year 2020. Therefore a study is to determine the factors associated with virological failure among adolescents in Bindura and Shamva districts were done.

Materials & Methods: A 1:1 unmatched case-control study was conducted. A case was an adolescent from Bindura and Shamva Districts who has been on ART for at least 6 months and had a repeat viral load of >1000 copies/ml. Pretested interview administered questionnaire was used to collect data randomly from participants. Ethical approval was obtained from the Medical Research Council of Zimbabwe. Logistic regression was done to identify independent risk factors.

Results: We recruited 164 study participants (82 cases and 82 controls). Significant independent risk factors for virological failure among adolescents in Shamva and Bindura were: psychosocial problems (AOR=3.01, 95%, CI=2.56-5.60), being on ART for more than 5 years (AOR 2.3, 95%, CI=2.8-10.8) and a baseline viral load of more than 1000 copies/ml (AOR 2.7, 95%CI=1.7-4.2). Having a treatment buddy (AOR=0.06, 95% CI=0.001-0.4) was the most significant protective factor.

Conclusion: Psychosocial problems were strongly associated with virological failure among adolescents in Shamva and Bindura Districts. We recommended on strengthening community programs on disclosure of HIV among adolescents to improve treatment outcomes.